ARGENTINA: Substrate Cultivation And Hydroponics: A Technology on The Rise
INTA, together with national universities, producers, and companies, promotes this production system that has grown in the last 5 years as an efficient and sustainable alternative. During 2021, the institution will be part of the organization of the Virtual International Symposium that will bring together the main national and international referents on the subject.
The cultivation in substrate and hydroponics consists of the production of vegetables without the use of the soil, for this reason, they are also called "cultivation systems without soil". When the roots develop in water it is called "hydroponics" and, when they do so in a solid medium, different from the soil, "substrate cultivation", using a great diversity of substrates and/or mixtures of them.
It is a production system that arises from the high degradation of soils, as a consequence of unsustainable management and inadequate practices, which is on the rise among producers as an alternative. This will be one of the topics that will be addressed on March 30 and April 6 and 8, 2021 in virtual form at the International Symposium on Substrate Culture and Hydroponics.
“It was found that with hydroponics, productivity and profitability are increased between 30 and 50%, due to the greater efficiency in the use of the surface and natural resources, and it reduces the use of agrochemicals”, Analía Puerta, coordinator National of the “Tierra Sana” Project, carried out by INTA together with UNIDO (United Nations Organization for Industrial Development), within the framework of the Montreal Protocol.
"In Argentina, the system began to be implemented more than 20 years ago in the ornamental sector, and it grew considerably in the last 5 years, extending to other sectors such as horticulture, citrus, and even for the production of green forage", underlined Puerta.
Along these lines, the most important productions in the hydroponic system correspond to leafy vegetables, such as lettuce, arugula and chard and, in the substrate system, the cultivation of tomatoes, strawberries and, to a lesser extent, peppers stands out.
In addition, the coordinator highlighted, “the well-being of workers is increased, since it improves the ergonomics of all operations, especially those of harvest, and the borders of the productive regions are expanded, allowing production in areas not suitable for cultivation, either due to health problems or the high real estate value of the surface ”.
Another benefit of these techniques is to allow access to fresh vegetables in specific situations, such as in places where the soil is not suitable for production, or directly where there is no soil, such as patios, terraces, landfills, contributing additionally to the promotion of short circuits of production and commercialization of vegetables.
According to Puerta, "it is important to highlight that this production alternative can be adapted to different production levels, from family farming to small, medium and large companies."
Puerta: "In Argentina, the system began to be implemented more than 20 years ago in the ornamental sector, and has grown considerably in the last 5 years".
This production system has established itself as a technology of recognized efficiency and massive implementation in developed and highly technical countries, such as Japan, the Netherlands, Spain and the United States.
According to data from 2015, the world area of crops under this production system (hydroponics and substrate) reaches 40 thousand hectares, with the Netherlands being the country with the largest covered area, with 5 thousand hectares, Spain with 2,500, Belgium and the United Kingdom with 2,000, Japan 1,500, as well as China, France 1,000, Israel 750, Canada 500 and the United States 250 hectares.
"Currently, there are productions of this type in all provinces of the country and, not only in traditional production areas, but there is a massive growth in urban areas," said the coordinator of "Tierra Sana". Along these lines, he added: "With this system the producer becomes independent of the quality of the soil and when the production is carried out undercover, the environmental conditions can be modified, especially the temperature, light intensity, and humidity of the environment".
Nowadays, there are commercial and self-consumption productions from the north to the south of the country, including promising experiences for the supply in the Argentine Antarctica. "In this sense, INTA has been contributing to the consolidation of this production alternative, through numerous research and extension activities carried out by agents from the different units of the country," said Puerta.
To date, there have been countless workshops and training courses and demonstration plots of strawberries and vegetables have been installed in the main productive areas of the country, promoted by the “Tierra Sana” project, in cooperation with units referring to the subject, and together to companies, producers and universities.
On the other hand, it should be noted that the development of these activities is part of the sustainable development goals ("SDG") outlined by current public policies according to the guidelines of the United Nations (UN) and being prioritized on the agenda. 2020-2030.
It is a production system that arises from the high degradation of soils, as a consequence of unsustainable management and inadequate practices, which is on the rise among producers as an alternative.
International Symposium
Currently, INTA is organizing an International Symposium on Substrate Culture and Hydroponics together with 5 universities in the country (UBA, UCC, UNLu, UNLP, UNNOBA), within the framework of the 41st Argentine Congress of Horticulture (ASAHO).
The event will take place on March 30 and April 6 and 8, 2021 in virtual form. It will have the participation of national and international referents who will speak about the latest advances in the field and exchange knowledge with the participants, productions from Argentina and other countries will be visited through virtual tours and there will also be a space for the presentation of scientific and Of disclosure.
Their reception is already open and is until December 31st. There are different registration modalities in order to offer a wide range of possibilities to participants.
"Through all these activities, it is hoped to be able to contribute to the consolidation of a scientific, technical and productive network that includes actors from the public and private sectors around the production of food in an efficient and sustainable way", concluded Puerta.